for analyzing the difference between these two elements.
The present post aims to discuss and evaluate idea generation and creativity techniques. In general, the idea generation viewed as a critical process in creativity. It is defined as a process of coming up with alternative solutions to a problem (Mumford, Mobley et al., 1991). The idea generation helps to move the idea for the next steps, such as idea
evaluation and selection (Mumford, 2001). The 90’s literature was more often related to idea generation, which mostly focused
on divergent thinking and the generation of many ideas which was firstly suggested by
Guilford (1950,1967). Divergent thinking is a process of producing a large number of ideas
using a short time. This kind of strategy transferred into a divergent thinking
test-
‘’Uses’’ which often used in creativity studies (Guilford, 1967). The purpose of a test is generating many ideas, focusing on the quantity, with
several problem solutions. A different idea was formed in the early ’20s to focus on convergent thinking. (Mumford, 2001). This type of thinking emphasizes what it is useful, sets limits and narrows the list of
solutions. (Harvard Business Review, 2003). Convergent thinking stands for a insights value creation, and it helps to convert
results from divergent thinking into products and services. Only worth ideas are persuing.
Further research showed that there are a variety of techniques to help generate new ideas. The academics have offered two
techniques: brainstorming and catch ball. Brainstorming method is the act of generating
ideas while attempting to suspend evaluative thought. (Lamm &Trommsdorff, 1973). The next technique is Catchball, a cross-functional method for achieving two goals: idea enrichment or improvement,
ideas while attempting to suspend evaluative thought. (Lamm &Trommsdorff, 1973). The next technique is Catchball, a cross-functional method for achieving two goals: idea enrichment or improvement,
buy-in among players. (Harvard Business Review, 2003). The secret of successful idea generation is to start by using a variety of different
techniques and sources. At a later stage, the successful technique or a method might become a magic formula only for
ideas with quality. (Sowrey, 1989).
Surprisingly, few researchers have found that traditional methods and solutions are no longer effective in solving problems and discovering new opportunities. This gap seems to be an excellent field for creativity, which helps to be more competitive and innovative. (Fillis & Rentschler, 2010). A path to creativity includes instructions as well as practice in creative problem-solving: Osborn (1957) and Parnes model. There are two important behaviours for creative problem solving to be more effective: divergence and convergence. Divergence is a process of forming and
communicating connections, helping people to see possibilities and alternatives while the
Convergence is critical thinking in taking out those ideas, evaluating them for action. (Isaksen et al.,2000). Both behaviours are important, but researchers have stated that convergent
thinking is more useful in solving and searching for the problem. (Schmidt et al., 2013). A certain study has analyzed the impact of creativity tools and techniques on 137 students
by adding them to the entrepreneurship course program. (Gundry et al., 2014). Creativity techniques are methods that emphasize the value of creating a situation
which requires to use imagination on generating new ideas and analysing problems. (Sowrey, 1989). As mentioned by Michalko (2006), creativity tools created in order to shape new
ideas. The same author has represented a set of structured cues based on a substitute, combine, adapt, modify, put to other uses, eliminate and reverse. This method is very effective in helping students to
form ideas. (Michalko, 2006). Mind-mapping is another technique developed by Tony Buzan. It is a good method to use all knowledge from specific subject to record idea and solution
generation. Reframing Matrix from Overseas Development Institute (2006) is also a useful technique to look at the problem from different perspectives, incouraging holistic
thinking and examining problems, potential opportunities.
Once the examples discussed, the impact of creativity tools and techniques in classroom
environments seems useful for students to think innovatively and creatively. The studies
have shown that these techniques influence entrepreneurial intentions. The open
environment was created to encourage students to take risks and experiment with ideas with the ability to interact with each other, establish
new ideas, act and think creatively. The final study results have shown that used creativity
tools, such as scamper, reframing-matrix, mind-mapping and more have influenced student self-perceptions of creativity and the skills later transfer into workplaces in order to have
innovative outcomes. (Gundry, 2014)
References:
Mumford, M.D. (2001). Something old, something new: Revisiting Guilford’s conception of creative problem solving. Creativity Research Journal, 13, 267-276.
Harvard Business Review. (2003). Managing Creativity and Innovation. Boston, Massachusetts: Harvard Business
School Press.
Mumford, M.D., Mobley, M.I., Uhlman, C.E., Reiter-Palmon, R., & Doares, L.M. (1991). Process analytic models of creative capacities. Creativity Research Journal,4, 91-122.
Osborn, A. (1957). Applied imagination. NY: Scribner.
Isaksen, S.G., Dorval, B.K., & Treffinger, D.J. (2000). Creative approaches to problem solving: A framework for change.Kendall Hunt Publishing.
Schmidt, J.J., Soper, J.C., & Bernaciak, J. (2013). Creativity in the entrepreneurship program: a survey of the directors of award winning programs. Journal of Entrepreneurship Education,16, 31-44.
Gundry, L.K., Ofstein, L.F., & Kickul J.R. (2014). Seeing around corners: How creativity skills in entrepreneurship education influence innovation in business. The International Journal of Management Education,12, 529-538.
Michalko, M. (2006). Thinkertoys (2nd ed.). NY: Ten Speed Press.
Sowrey, T. (1989). Idea generation: Identifying the Most Useful Techniques. European Journal of
Marketing,24,5,20-35.
Overseas Development Institute. (2006). Tools for knowledge and learning: A guide for development and humanitarian organisations.
Fillis, I.,& Rentschler, R. (2010). The role of creativity in entrepreneurship. Journal of Enterprising Culture 18(1), 49-81.
Guilford, J. P. (1967). The nature of human intelligence. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill.
Lamm, H.,& Trommsdorff, G. (1973). Group-induced extremization: Review of evidence and a minority-change explanation. Psychological Reports, 33, 471-484.